Fair Value Measurements
Originally released in 2006 by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) as SFAS 157, ASC Topic 820 defines Fair Value and sets measurement standards for assets and liabilities for entities whose financial statements adhere to generally accepted accounting principles.
Fair value is defined in ASC Topic 820 and IFRS 13 as “the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.”
The definition focuses on the price that would be received to sell the asset or paid to transfer the liability (an exit price), not the price that would be paid to acquire the asset or received to assume the liability (an entry price).
ASC Topic 820 emphasizes that fair value is a market-based measurement, not an entity-specific measurement. Therefore, a fair value measurement should be determined based on the assumptions that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability. As a basis for considering market participant assumptions in fair value measurements, ASC 820 establishes a fair value hierarchy that distinguishes between (1) market participant assumptions developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity (observable inputs) and (2) the reporting entity’s own assumptions about market participant assumptions developed based on the best information available in the circumstances (unobservable inputs). The notion of unobservable inputs is intended to allow for situations in which there is little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date.
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Reporting Requirements
These variables include:
Business Combinations - FASB ASC Topic 805 / IFRS 3R
Fair Value Measurements - FASB ASC Topic 820 / IFRS 13
Impairment: Goodwill and Other - FASB ASC Topic 350
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets - FASB ASC Topic 360
